长江技术经济

南水北调中线工程通水前后，丹江口库区及其上游流域生态环境保护及社会经济发展发生了显著变化。以流域内十堰市、南阳市、汉中市、安康市、商洛市5个主要地市为基本评估单元，构建了包含39项指标的流域保护治理与高质量发展综合评估指标体系，系统评估了2014—2022年流域生态环境保护与高质量发展水平，并采取耦合协调度法分析了生态环境与经济社会两大子系统间的耦合协调程度。结果表明：在创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享等5个社会经济维度上的指标值总体呈现上升趋势，经济社会发展质量指数均值由0.521上升至0.699；在生态资源状态、环境压力、资源保护与节约、水安全保障等4个生态环境维度上的指标值总体呈现上升趋势，生态环境治理保护指数均值由0.737上升至0.881；5市生态环境与经济社会两系统间耦合协调度均值由0.611上升至0.782，且自2016年起5市均达到基本协调状态，2022年达到中级及以上等级协调状态，其中十堰市达到了良好协调状态；流域保护与发展成效显著，但仍面临经济社会转型动力不足与生态环境保护长效机制欠缺的挑战。未来需进一步优化经济发展模式，提升水质安全保障能力，强化法治保障与长效政策支撑。研究结果可为推进丹江口库区及其上游流域生态环境保护与经济社会发展提供参考。

Significant changes have occurred in the ecological environment protection and social and economic development of the Danjiangkou Reservoir area and its upstream basin before and after the operation of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.Taking five prefecture-level cities (Shiyan City,Nanyang City,Hanzhong City,Ankang City,and Shangluo City) as the basic evaluation units,a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising 39 indicators for basin protection,governance,and high-quality development was constructed.This study systematically evaluated the level of ecological environment protection and high-quality development in the basin from 2014 to 2022,and employed a coupling coordination degree method to analyze the coupling coordination degree between the two subsystems of ecological environment and economic society.The research results indicate that:(1) The indicator values in the five socio-economic dimensions of innovation,coordination,green,openness,and sharing generally showed an upward trend,and the average quality index of economic and social development increased from 0.521 to 0.699.(2) The overall trend of indicator values in four dimensions of ecological environment (ecological resource status,environmental pressure,resource protection and conservation,and water security guarantee) exhibited an upward trend,with the average ecological environment governance and protection index increasing from 0.737 to 0.881.(3) The average coupling coordination degree between ecological environment and economic society in the five cities increased from 0.611 to 0.782.All five cities reached basic coordination starting in 2016,achieving intermediate or higher level coordination by 2022,with Shiyan City achieving a good coordination state.(4) The basin protection and development have achieved significant results,but still face challenges such as insufficient driving force for economic and social transformation,and a lack of long-term mechanisms for ecological environment protection.Future efforts should focus on further optimizing the economic development model,enhancing the water quality guarantee capabilities,and strengthening legal protection and long-term policy support.The research findings can provide references for advancing ecological environment protection and economic and social development in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area and its upstream basin.