长江技术经济

我国进入高质量发展阶段，生态文明建设及生态修复成为国家及流域治理重大需求和研究热点。以长江流域为例，分析了流域生态系统修复的时空尺度与功能关系，并通过长江珍稀生物特点、栖息地空间尺度和典型生态修复案例分析，讨论生态修复尺度与方法关系。研究表明：长江流域跨越我国东西部，气候水文及地理地貌差异巨大，生态系统时空尺度划分应该兼顾水域与陆域，空间尺度可以划分为6个层次，时间尺度应该考虑生物生命周期及栖息地形成时间。流域生态修复方法应该采用工程与非工程措施结合。对于生态保护区及景观河段以上生态空间，应该以自然修复等非工程措施为主，并采取适应性的管理措施，对于场地及工程河段的生态修复应采用工程与非工程措施结合。在生态系统修复效果评价上，应该以生态系统功能提升为主，兼顾自然景观保护和历史文化遗产的传承。

As China enters the stage of high-quality development,the ecological civilization construction and ecological restoration have become a major demand and research focus of basin governance. This paper examines the relationship between spatio-temporal scale and function of ecosystem restoration in the Yangtze River Basin. Through the analysis of rare organisms,habitat spatial scale and typical ecological restoration cases in the Yangtze River,this paper presents the relation between the scale and methods of ecological restoration. Findings reveal that the Yangtze River basin spans the eastern and western parts of China,which exhibit significant disparities in climate,hydrology and geographical landform. It is imperative to consider both the water area and the land area when determining the spatial scale of ecosystem restoration. Accordingly,the spatial scale can be divided into 6 levels,while in terms of time scale,it is necessary to account for biological life cycle and the time required for habitat formation. The restoration approach for the river basin should integrate both engineering and non-engineering measures. For ecological protection areas and ecological space in the upstream of landscape river section,non-engineering measures such as natural restoration should be the mainstay with adaptive management measures. For ecological restoration of sites and engineered reaches,a combination of engineering and non-engineering measures is recommended. In the evaluation of ecosystem restoration outcomes,emphasis should be placed on the improvement of ecosystem functions while considering the preservation of natural landscapes and historical and cultural heritage.